Existing bedside tools MMSE and MOCA are not sensitive to milder impairment, results grading resolution is not high (absent/slight/moderate), and iterative feedback based on a large database is also absent, the examiner who use them need to be trained to make the results more reliable. However, both age and education level affect MMSE scores.
The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) were general screening tools for CI, these tools have proven to be highly sensitive. Įarly diagnosis of CI can contribute to specific clinical classification and prognosis and progression of the disease, as well as to treatment. Research has shown that patients with CI have a high rate of missed diagnosis and delayed diagnosis. It has been regarded as a clinical state with characteristics similar to those of normal aging and mild dementia. The rising incidence of CI has become a serious health problem due to an aging population. Cognitive impairment (CI) was considered as injury in two or more areas of cognition, prevalence of CI is as high as 35–50%. Cognitive function includes learning and memory, language, visuospatial, executive, and psychomotor.
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